Dalam percakapan, contraction bahasa Inggris biasa kita dengar. Karena memang, orang lebih suka menggunakan kata-kata gaya bahasa yang singkat, namun dapat difahami dengan mudah.
Nah dalam artikel ini, disebutkan sekitar 100 contraction yang sering digunakan dalam percakapan. Langsung saja anda cek!!
Namun sebelumnya, tahukah anda apa arti contraction? Bagaimana contohnya? Dan kata apa saja yang bisa dikontraksikan?
Dalam penulisan bahasa Inggris, anda pasti pernah menjumpai kata seperti “I’m, you’re, can’t, dll”. Dan semua itu disebut dengan contraction.
Arti contraction
Contraction adalah gabungan dua kata atau lebih yang di dalamnya terdapat huruf-huruf yang dihilangkan, serta terdapat apostrop sebagai pengganti huruf yang dihilangkan tersebut.
Perlu diingat, Tujuan dari contraction ini yaitu untuk menyingkat kalimat.
- I am = I’m /aɪm/ /am/
- You are = you’re /jɔ:r/ /jʊr/ /jər/
- Can not = can’t
Pada contoh “I’m”, kita menggabungkan kata “I” dan “am” menjadi “I’m”, dan di sini terdapat huruf yang dihilangkan, yaitu “a”. Demikian juga pada contoh you’re, can’t.
Penggunaan
Kita menggunakan contraction dalam percakapan sehari-hari, serta dalam penulisan yang tidak formal. Contraction dalam istilah lain disebut juga dengan “short form”.
Berikut ini adalah beberapa contoh contraction yang paling umum kita gunakan:
Contractions dengan kata I, you, he, she, it, we, and they
- ’m = am (I’m)
- ’re = are (you’re, we’re, they’re)
- ’s = is and has (he’s, she’s, it’s)
- ’ve = have (’ve, you’ve, we’ve, they’ve)
- ’ll = will (I’ll, you’ll, he’ll, she’ll, it’ll, we’ll, they’ll)
- ’d = had and would (I’d, you’d, he’d, she’d, it’d, we’d, they’d)
Contraction dengan auxiliary verb dan not
Contraction untuk not adalah n’t. Selengkapnya, perhatikan semua contoh contraction pada tabel di bawah !!
| aren’t | = | are not (we aren’t, you aren’t) |
| can’t | = | Cannot |
| couldn’t | = | could not |
| didn’t | = | did not (I didn’t, they didn’t) |
| hasn’t | = | has not |
| haven’t | = | have not |
| isn’t | = | is not (she isn’t, it isn’t) |
| mustn’t | = | must not |
| shan’t | = | shall not |
| shouldn’t | = | should not |
| wasn’t | = | was not |
| weren’t | = | were not |
| won’t | = | will not |
| wouldn’t | = | would not |
Dua alternatif penggunan contraction
Kita gunakan contraction be (are, am, is,) + negatif dengan dua cara. Seperti pada contoh berikut:
- She is not : She’s not / She isn’t
- You are not : You’re not / You aren’t
Pada kata have, has, had, will dan would + negatif, kita juga dapat menggunakan dua cara.
- She has not studied: She‘s not / She hasn’t studied
- I have not studied : I’ve not / I haven’t studied
- He had not studied : He’d not / He hadn’t studied
- She will not go : She’ll not / She won’t go
- She would not go : She’d not / She wouldn’t go
Namun pada kata-kata yang lain, contraction hanya dapat dilakukan dengan satu cara.
- I am not : I’m not (bukan I amn’t)
- I was not : I wasn’t
- You were not : You weren’t
- I do not : I don’t
- We did not : We didn’t
Daftar Contoh Contraction
Nah, untuk mengenal lebih jauh apa itu contraction. Berikut beberapa daftarnya yang perlu anda ketahui.
| KATA-KATA | CONTRATION |
| I am | I’m /aɪm/ /am/ |
| You are | You’re /jɔ:r/ /jʊr/ /jər/ |
| They are | They’re |
| We are | We’re |
| He is here (Adjective, noun, adverb) | He’s here |
| She is | She’s /ʃiːz/ |
| It is | It’s |
| He has eaten (verb 3) | He’s eaten /hiːz/ |
| I had studied (Verb 3) | I’d studied /aɪd/ /ad/ |
| I would study (verb 1) | I’d study /aɪd/ /ad/ |
| I will | I’ll /aɪl/ /al/ |
| I shall | I’ll /aɪl/ /al/ |
| Want to | Wanna /’wɒnə/ |
| Got to | Gotta /’gɒtə/ |
| Going to | Gonna /’gɒnə/ |
| Have to | Hafta /’hæftə/ |
| Has to | Hasta /’hæzdə/ |
| Give me | Gimme /’gɪmi/ |
| Let me | Lemme /’lemi/ |
| Leave me | Limme /’li:mi/ |
| What are you | Whatchu / whaddyou |
Note:
Khusus want to, got to, going to, have to, has to, give me, let me, leave me, dan what are you…. tidak menggunakan apostrop.
Ada juga contoh contraction yang bebentuk negatif. Coba perhatikan daftarnya pada tabel berikut:
| KATA-KATA | CONTRACTION |
| Are not | Aren’t |
| Were not | Weren’t |
| Is not | Isn’t /ˈɪzənt/ |
| Was not | Wasn’t /ˈwɒzənt/ |
| Have not | Haven’t |
| Has not | Hasn’t |
| Had not | Hadn’t |
| Do not | Don’t /dəʊnt/ |
| Does not | Doesn’t /ˈdʌzənt/ |
| Did not | Didn’t |
| Will not | Won’t /wəʊnt/ |
| Would not | Wouldn’t /wʊdnt/ |
| Can not | Can’t |
| Could not | Coudn’t /kʊdnt/ |
| Must not | Musn’t |
| Should not | Shouldn’t /ʃʊdnt/ |
| Shall not | Shan’t /ʃɑːnt/ |
| May not | Mayn’t |
| Might not | Mightn’t |
| Need not | Needn’t |
| Ought not | Oughtn’t |
Tampaknya memahami arti contraction, berikut penggunaan dan contohnya tidaklah begitu sulit.
Perlu diingat, penggunan contraction sangat umum terjadi dalam speaking. Karenanya, fahami dan kuasai materi ini dengan baik untuk menunjang speaking anda.
100 Contraction Bahasa Inggris Populer
Untuk lebih jelasnya, simak daftar berikut:
| No. | Kata | Contraction |
| 1 | are not | aren’t |
| 2 | were not | weren’t |
| 3 | is not | isn’t |
| 4 | was not | wasn’t |
| 5 | can not | can’t |
| 6 | could not | couldn’t |
| 7 | must not | musn’t |
| 8 | should not | shouldn’t |
| 9 | shall not | shan’t |
| 10 | would not | wouldn’t |
| 11 | will not | won’t |
| 12 | ought not | oughn’t |
| 13 | might not | might’ve |
| 14 | could have | could’ve |
| 15 | must have | must’ve |
| 16 | would have | would’ve |
| 17 | might have | might’ve |
| 18 | need not | needn’t |
| 19 | dare not | daren’t |
| 20 | would not have | wouldn’t’ve |
| 21 | could not have | couldn’t’ve |
| 22 | might not have | mighn’t’ve |
| 23 | did not | didn’t |
| 24 | does not | doesn’t |
| 25 | do not | don’t |
| 26 | had not | hadn’t |
| 27 | had not have | hadn’t’ve |
| 28 | has not | hasn’t |
| 29 | have not | haven’t |
| 30 | he had / he would | he’d |
| 31 | he would have | he’d’ve |
| 32 | he shall / he will | he’ll |
| 33 | he has / he is | he’s |
| 34 | he has not / he is not | he’sn’t |
| 35 | how did / how would | how’d |
| 36 | how will | how’ll |
| 37 | how has / how is / how does | how’s |
| 38 | i had / i would | i’d |
| 39 | i would have | i’d’ve |
| 40 | i shall / i will | i’ll |
| 41 | i am | i’m |
| 42 | i have | i’ve |
| 43 | i have not | i’ven’t |
| 44 | is not | isn’t |
| 45 | it had / it would | it’d |
| 46 | it would have | it’d’ve |
| 47 | it shall / it will | it’ll |
| 48 | it has / it is | it’s |
| 49 | it has not / it is not | it’sn’t |
| 50 | let us | let’s |
| 51 | she had / she would | she’d |
| 52 | she would have | she’d’ve |
| 53 | she shall / she will | she’ll |
| 54 | she has / she is | she’s |
| 55 | she has not / she is not | she’sn’t |
| 56 | somebody had / somebody would | somebody’d |
| 57 | somebody shall / somebody will | somebody’ll |
| 58 | somebody has / somebody is | somebody’s |
| 59 | someone had / someone would | someone’d |
| 60 | someone would have | someone’d’ve |
| 61 | someone shall / someone will | someone’ll |
| 62 | someone has / someone is | someone’s |
| 63 | something had / something would | something’d |
| 64 | something would have | something’d’ve |
| 65 | something shall / something will | something’ll |
| 66 | something has / something is | something’s |
| 67 | that will | that’ll |
| 68 | that has / that is | that’s |
| 69 | there had / there would | there’d |
| 70 | there would have | there’d’ve |
| 71 | there are | there’re |
| 72 | there has / there is | there’s |
| 73 | they had / they would | they’d |
| 74 | they shall / they will | they’ll |
| 75 | they are | they’re |
| 76 | they have | they’ve |
| 77 | they have not | they’ven’t |
| 78 | it is | ’tis |
| 79 | it was | ’twas |
| 80 | want to | wanna |
| 81 | was not | wasn’t |
| 82 | we had / we would | we’d |
| 83 | we will | we’ll |
| 84 | we are | we’re |
| 85 | we have | we’ve |
| 86 | were not | weren’t |
| 87 | what shall / what will | what’ll |
| 88 | what are | what’re |
| 89 | what has / what is / what does | what’s |
| 90 | what have | what’ve |
| 91 | when has / when is | when’s |
| 92 | where did | where’d |
| 93 | where has / where is / where does | where’s |
| 94 | where have | where’ve |
| 95 | who would / who had | who’d |
| 96 | who would have | who’d’ve |
| 97 | who shall / who will | who’ll |
| 98 | who has / who is | who’s |
| 99 | who have | who’ve |
| 100 | how is | how’s |
Jika ditelusuri lebih lanjut, selain 100 contraction bahasa Inggris di atas, sebenarnya masih banyak yang belum masuk dalam daftar.
Jika anda anda tahu, coba anda sebutkan di kotak komen.. thanks!!
