Dalam percakapan, contraction bahasa Inggris biasa kita dengar. Karena memang, orang lebih suka menggunakan kata-kata gaya bahasa yang singkat, namun dapat difahami dengan mudah.
Nah dalam artikel ini, disebutkan sekitar 100 contraction yang sering digunakan dalam percakapan. Langsung saja anda cek!!
Namun sebelumnya, tahukah anda apa arti contraction? Bagaimana contohnya? Dan kata apa saja yang bisa dikontraksikan?
Dalam penulisan bahasa Inggris, anda pasti pernah menjumpai kata seperti “I’m, you’re, can’t, dll”. Dan semua itu disebut dengan contraction.
Arti contraction
Contraction adalah gabungan dua kata atau lebih yang di dalamnya terdapat huruf-huruf yang dihilangkan, serta terdapat apostrop sebagai pengganti huruf yang dihilangkan tersebut.
Perlu diingat, Tujuan dari contraction ini yaitu untuk menyingkat kalimat.
- I am = I’m /aɪm/ /am/
- You are = you’re /jɔ:r/ /jʊr/ /jər/
- Can not = can’t
Pada contoh “I’m”, kita menggabungkan kata “I” dan “am” menjadi “I’m”, dan di sini terdapat huruf yang dihilangkan, yaitu “a”. Demikian juga pada contoh you’re, can’t.
Penggunaan
Kita menggunakan contraction dalam percakapan sehari-hari, serta dalam penulisan yang tidak formal. Contraction dalam istilah lain disebut juga dengan “short form”.
Berikut ini adalah beberapa contoh contraction yang paling umum kita gunakan:
Contractions dengan kata I, you, he, she, it, we, and they
- ’m = am (I’m)
- ’re = are (you’re, we’re, they’re)
- ’s = is and has (he’s, she’s, it’s)
- ’ve = have (’ve, you’ve, we’ve, they’ve)
- ’ll = will (I’ll, you’ll, he’ll, she’ll, it’ll, we’ll, they’ll)
- ’d = had and would (I’d, you’d, he’d, she’d, it’d, we’d, they’d)
Contraction dengan auxiliary verb dan not
Contraction untuk not adalah n’t. Selengkapnya, perhatikan semua contoh contraction pada tabel di bawah !!
aren’t = are not (we aren’t, you aren’t) can’t = Cannot couldn’t = could not didn’t = did not (I didn’t, they didn’t) hasn’t = has not haven’t = have not isn’t = is not (she isn’t, it isn’t) mustn’t = must not shan’t = shall not shouldn’t = should not wasn’t = was not weren’t = were not won’t = will not wouldn’t = would not
Dua alternatif penggunan contraction
Kita gunakan contraction be (are, am, is,) + negatif dengan dua cara. Seperti pada contoh berikut:
- She is not : She’s not / She isn’t
- You are not : You’re not / You aren’t
Pada kata have, has, had, will dan would + negatif, kita juga dapat menggunakan dua cara.
- She has not studied: She‘s not / She hasn’t studied
- I have not studied : I’ve not / I haven’t studied
- He had not studied : He’d not / He hadn’t studied
- She will not go : She’ll not / She won’t go
- She would not go : She’d not / She wouldn’t go
Namun pada kata-kata yang lain, contraction hanya dapat dilakukan dengan satu cara.
- I am not : I’m not (bukan I amn’t)
- I was not : I wasn’t
- You were not : You weren’t
- I do not : I don’t
- We did not : We didn’t
Daftar Contoh Contraction
Nah, untuk mengenal lebih jauh apa itu contraction. Berikut beberapa daftarnya yang perlu anda ketahui.
KATA-KATA CONTRATION I am I’m /aɪm/ /am/ You are You’re /jɔ:r/ /jʊr/ /jər/ They are They’re We are We’re He is here (Adjective, noun, adverb) He’s here She is She’s /ʃiːz/ It is It’s He has eaten (verb 3) He’s eaten /hiːz/ I had studied (Verb 3) I’d studied /aɪd/ /ad/ I would study (verb 1) I’d study /aɪd/ /ad/ I will I’ll /aɪl/ /al/ I shall I’ll /aɪl/ /al/ Want to Wanna /’wɒnə/ Got to Gotta /’gɒtə/ Going to Gonna /’gɒnə/ Have to Hafta /’hæftə/ Has to Hasta /’hæzdə/ Give me Gimme /’gɪmi/ Let me Lemme /’lemi/ Leave me Limme /’li:mi/ What are you Whatchu / whaddyou
Note:
Khusus want to, got to, going to, have to, has to, give me, let me, leave me, dan what are you…. tidak menggunakan apostrop.
Ada juga contoh contraction yang bebentuk negatif. Coba perhatikan daftarnya pada tabel berikut:
KATA-KATA CONTRACTION Are not Aren’t Were not Weren’t Is not Isn’t /ˈɪzənt/ Was not Wasn’t /ˈwɒzənt/ Have not Haven’t Has not Hasn’t Had not Hadn’t Do not Don’t /dəʊnt/ Does not Doesn’t /ˈdʌzənt/ Did not Didn’t Will not Won’t /wəʊnt/ Would not Wouldn’t /wʊdnt/ Can not Can’t Could not Coudn’t /kʊdnt/ Must not Musn’t Should not Shouldn’t /ʃʊdnt/ Shall not Shan’t /ʃɑːnt/ May not Mayn’t Might not Mightn’t Need not Needn’t Ought not Oughtn’t
Tampaknya memahami arti contraction, berikut penggunaan dan contohnya tidaklah begitu sulit.
Perlu diingat, penggunan contraction sangat umum terjadi dalam speaking. Karenanya, fahami dan kuasai materi ini dengan baik untuk menunjang speaking anda.
100 Contraction Bahasa Inggris Populer
Untuk lebih jelasnya, simak daftar berikut:
No. Kata Contraction 1 are not aren’t 2 were not weren’t 3 is not isn’t 4 was not wasn’t 5 can not can’t 6 could not couldn’t 7 must not musn’t 8 should not shouldn’t 9 shall not shan’t 10 would not wouldn’t 11 will not won’t 12 ought not oughn’t 13 might not might’ve 14 could have could’ve 15 must have must’ve 16 would have would’ve 17 might have might’ve 18 need not needn’t 19 dare not daren’t 20 would not have wouldn’t’ve 21 could not have couldn’t’ve 22 might not have mighn’t’ve 23 did not didn’t 24 does not doesn’t 25 do not don’t 26 had not hadn’t 27 had not have hadn’t’ve 28 has not hasn’t 29 have not haven’t 30 he had / he would he’d 31 he would have he’d’ve 32 he shall / he will he’ll 33 he has / he is he’s 34 he has not / he is not he’sn’t 35 how did / how would how’d 36 how will how’ll 37 how has / how is / how does how’s 38 i had / i would i’d 39 i would have i’d’ve 40 i shall / i will i’ll 41 i am i’m 42 i have i’ve 43 i have not i’ven’t 44 is not isn’t 45 it had / it would it’d 46 it would have it’d’ve 47 it shall / it will it’ll 48 it has / it is it’s 49 it has not / it is not it’sn’t 50 let us let’s 51 she had / she would she’d 52 she would have she’d’ve 53 she shall / she will she’ll 54 she has / she is she’s 55 she has not / she is not she’sn’t 56 somebody had / somebody would somebody’d 57 somebody shall / somebody will somebody’ll 58 somebody has / somebody is somebody’s 59 someone had / someone would someone’d 60 someone would have someone’d’ve 61 someone shall / someone will someone’ll 62 someone has / someone is someone’s 63 something had / something would something’d 64 something would have something’d’ve 65 something shall / something will something’ll 66 something has / something is something’s 67 that will that’ll 68 that has / that is that’s 69 there had / there would there’d 70 there would have there’d’ve 71 there are there’re 72 there has / there is there’s 73 they had / they would they’d 74 they shall / they will they’ll 75 they are they’re 76 they have they’ve 77 they have not they’ven’t 78 it is ’tis 79 it was ’twas 80 want to wanna 81 was not wasn’t 82 we had / we would we’d 83 we will we’ll 84 we are we’re 85 we have we’ve 86 were not weren’t 87 what shall / what will what’ll 88 what are what’re 89 what has / what is / what does what’s 90 what have what’ve 91 when has / when is when’s 92 where did where’d 93 where has / where is / where does where’s 94 where have where’ve 95 who would / who had who’d 96 who would have who’d’ve 97 who shall / who will who’ll 98 who has / who is who’s 99 who have who’ve 100 how is how’s
Jika ditelusuri lebih lanjut, selain 100 contraction bahasa Inggris di atas, sebenarnya masih banyak yang belum masuk dalam daftar.
Jika anda anda tahu, coba anda sebutkan di kotak komen.. thanks!!
